{"id":400,"date":"2021-08-08T03:13:51","date_gmt":"2021-08-08T03:13:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/terrabiotec.iddo.mx\/?page_id=400"},"modified":"2021-10-16T19:22:07","modified_gmt":"2021-10-16T19:22:07","slug":"terralogie-5","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/terrabiotec.iddo.mx\/fr\/terralogie-5\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u00c9BLOCAGE DU PHOSPHORE NON ASSIMILABLE"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"400\" class=\"elementor elementor-400\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e71074b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e71074b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a306d71\" data-id=\"a306d71\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ef66235 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"ef66235\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c01c553 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c01c553\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2e2ccc2\" data-id=\"2e2ccc2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e161841\" data-id=\"e161841\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c504b99 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c504b99\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">D\u00c9BLOCAGE DU PHOSPHORE NON ASSIMILABLE<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-acd4b8c\" data-id=\"acd4b8c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fa03337 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fa03337\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8f77195\" data-id=\"8f77195\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5784b4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"d5784b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3d34ff7 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3d34ff7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fbe1226\" data-id=\"fbe1226\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f2b3ac6\" data-id=\"f2b3ac6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-161cd43 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"161cd43\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Phosphore\nr\u00e9trograd\u00e9<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cfdc40c\" data-id=\"cfdc40c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d16ae2d elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d16ae2d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"648\" height=\"336\" src=\"http:\/\/terrabiotec.iddo.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/5a.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-401\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"http:\/\/terrabiotec.iddo.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/5a.png 648w, http:\/\/terrabiotec.iddo.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/5a-300x156.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 648px) 100vw, 648px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59ba41e elementor-hidden-phone elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"59ba41e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mati\u00e8re organique\nnon transform\u00e9e<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-34f80b2\" data-id=\"34f80b2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d175b80 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d175b80\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Phosphore\ndisponible<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6bd99d1\" data-id=\"6bd99d1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-99d248e elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"99d248e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"648\" height=\"336\" src=\"http:\/\/terrabiotec.iddo.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/5b.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-402\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"http:\/\/terrabiotec.iddo.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/5b.png 648w, http:\/\/terrabiotec.iddo.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/5b-300x156.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 648px) 100vw, 648px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7740e01 elementor-section-full_width elementor-hidden-phone elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7740e01\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-753b208\" data-id=\"753b208\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-359e646\" data-id=\"359e646\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8a1d59 elementor-hidden-phone elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e8a1d59\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"648\" height=\"336\" src=\"http:\/\/terrabiotec.iddo.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/5a.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-401\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"http:\/\/terrabiotec.iddo.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/5a.png 648w, http:\/\/terrabiotec.iddo.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/5a-300x156.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 648px) 100vw, 648px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-89c9c8c\" data-id=\"89c9c8c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb6f555 elementor-hidden-phone elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fb6f555\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mati\u00e8re organique\nnon transform\u00e9e<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d7fd5d4\" data-id=\"d7fd5d4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1722635 elementor-hidden-phone elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1722635\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"648\" height=\"336\" src=\"http:\/\/terrabiotec.iddo.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/5b.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-402\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"http:\/\/terrabiotec.iddo.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/5b.png 648w, http:\/\/terrabiotec.iddo.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/5b-300x156.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 648px) 100vw, 648px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-20 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6269f1e\" data-id=\"6269f1e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8bdf942 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8bdf942\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9e4f894\" data-id=\"9e4f894\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f21e1fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"f21e1fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-439bf2c elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"439bf2c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b23c844\" data-id=\"b23c844\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cd9dc87\" data-id=\"cd9dc87\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4478647 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4478647\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Apr\u00e8s l\u2019azote, <b>le phosphore (P)<\/b> est le <b>deuxi\u00e8me \u00e9l\u00e9ment responsable des rendements <\/b>et de la qualit\u00e9 \ndes r\u00e9coltes. Son r\u00f4le dans le d\u00e9veloppement racinaire est bien connu.\nL\u2019optimisation  de  la  fumure  phosphat\u00e9e  demeure  un  point  cl\u00e9.  Cette  optimisation  doit  se  faire  selon  des  \nobjectifs agronomiques, \u00e9conomiques et \u00e9cologiques, qui ne sont pas toujours \u00e9vidents \u00e0 d\u00e9terminer.<br><br>\nLes situations d\u2019impasse sur cet \u00e9l\u00e9ment se sont multipli\u00e9es ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Il faut rester vigilant car \nm\u00eame si plusieurs ann\u00e9es sans apport peuvent ne pas engendrer de baisse de rendements significative (cas \ndes sols riches et argileux), le jour o\u00f9 les r\u00e9coltes chutent \u00e0 cause d\u2019une carence en phosphore, les pertes \npeuvent  \u00eatre  tr\u00e8s  importantes.  L\u2019agriculteur  se  trouve  alors  dans  l\u2019incapacit\u00e9  de  r\u00e9soudre  rapidement  le  \nprobl\u00e8me.\nLa forme assimilable par la plante est le P2O5. <b>Cette forme est principalement pr\u00e9sente dans les grains, \ndonc la restitution ou non des pailles joue peu sur la quantit\u00e9 de phosphore. <\/b>Les ions phosphates \n\u00e9tant tr\u00e8s peu mobiles dans le sol, le lessivage de cet \u00e9l\u00e9ment est tr\u00e8s faible. Mais en contrepartie, c'est aux \nracines des plantes d'aller chercher cet \u00e9l\u00e9ment qui est difficilement assimilable car il a la particularit\u00e9 de se \nbloquer dans le sol. <br><br>\nDu  fait  de  sa  faible  propension  \u00e0  lessiver,  la  quantit\u00e9  moyenne  de  phosphore  totale  dans  les  sols  est  \ng\u00e9n\u00e9ralement  \u00e9lev\u00e9e  pouvant  aller  jusqu\u2019\u00e0  <b>10  000  kg  par  hectare.  <\/b>Parmi  ce  stock,  environ  500  kg  se  \ntrouvent  absorb\u00e9s  sur  le  Complexe  Argilo-humique  et  peuvent  devenir  \u00e9changeables  et  assimilables. \n<b>Seul  1  kg <\/b> <b>d\u2019ions<\/b> phosphate par hectare est pr\u00e9sent dans la solution du sol \u00e0 un instant donn\u00e9. Ces ions \nrepr\u00e9sentent la seule source d\u2019alimentation <b>directement assimilable<\/b> pour les plantes.\nLe bon approvisionnement en phosphore de la culture est donc uniquement d\u00e9termin\u00e9 par la capacit\u00e9 du \nsol \u00e0 min\u00e9raliser du phosphore organique et \u00e0 d\u00e9sorber du phosphore de la phase solide afin d\u2019alimenter \ncontinuellement la solution du sol. <br><br>\nPour cela, deux param\u00e8tres principaux rentrent en jeu : le pH et la <b>temp\u00e9rature du sol.<\/b>\nLes  phosphates  de  la  solution  du  sol  \u00e9tant  des  anions  (ions  avec  charge  \u00e9lectrique  n\u00e9gative),  ils  vont  \nnaturellement s\u2019associer avec des cations (ions avec charge \u00e9lectrique positive).\nDans le cas des sols acides, ce sont principalement le fer et l\u2019aluminium (Fe2+ et Al2+) qui vont se lier aux \nphosphates et le bloquer dans la phase solide du sol. Ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne dit de <b>\u00ab  r\u00e9trogradation  \u00bb<\/b>  est tr\u00e8s \nrapide  puisqu\u2019en  moyenne,  <b>80  \u00e0  90%  des  ions  phosphates<\/b>  en  solution  dans  un  sol  acide  seront  \n<b>r\u00e9trograd\u00e9s sous huit \u00e0 dix jours.<\/b>\nDans le cas des sols calcaires, c\u2019est le calcium (Ca2+), pr\u00e9sent en abondance, qui sera l\u2019agent fixateur des \nphosphates et cr\u00e9era un blocage de ces derniers. Ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne, appel\u00e9 cette fois <b>\u00ab fixation \u00bb<\/b> s\u2019effectue \nl\u00e9g\u00e8rement plus lentement puisqu\u2019en moyenne <b>50% des ions phosphates <\/b>en solution dans un sol calcaire \nseront <b>fix\u00e9s apr\u00e8s vingt-trois jours.<\/b>\nDans  les  deux  cas,  la  liaison  des  phosphates  avec  les  cations  aura  pour  cons\u00e9quence  de  diminuer  \ndrastiquement la disponibilit\u00e9 en phosphore pour les cultures.\nSi, dans le cas des sols acides, un chaulage peut permettre d\u2019arracher une partie des phosphates au fer et \u00e0 l\u2019aluminium pour les remettre en solution, le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne de blocage en sol calcaire est lui, irr\u00e9versible.<br><br>\nSi le pH a une action primordiale sur la durabilit\u00e9 du phosphore en solution, la temp\u00e9rature jouera quant \u00e0 \nelle  un  r\u00f4le  important  sur  la  mise  en  solution  de  ces  ions  phosphates,  \u00e0  travers  son  effet  sur  l\u2019activit\u00e9  \nmicrobienne.  En  effet,  la  <b>d\u00e9sorption  du  phosphore<\/b>  de  la  phase  solide  du  sol  et  <b>la  min\u00e9ralisation  du  phosphore organique<\/b> sont directement <b>li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019activit\u00e9 de la flore microbienne.<\/b> En moyenne, l\u2019activit\u00e9 \nbact\u00e9rienne du sol atteindra 30% de son potentiel pour une temp\u00e9rature de 13\u00b0C, 43% \u00e0 16\u00b0C, 73% \u00e0 18\u00b0C \net enfin <b>100% pour une temp\u00e9rature de sol \u00e0  21\u00b0C.<\/b><br><br>\nEn  conclusion,  plus  un  sol  est  chaud  et  neutre,  plus  il  mettra  de  phosphore  \u00e0  disposition  des  plantes,  et  \ninversement pour des sols froids au pH s\u2019\u00e9loignant de la neutralit\u00e9.<br><br>\nLes  bact\u00e9ries  solubilisatrices  de  phosphate  sont  des  bact\u00e9ries  b\u00e9n\u00e9fiques  capables  de  solubiliser  le  \nphosphore min\u00e9ral.\nCes bact\u00e9ries telles que Bacillus, Micrococcus, Pseudomonas, Flovobacterium ou encore Burkholderia sont \n\ncapables de lib\u00e9rer le phosphore min\u00e9ral bloqu\u00e9 par les cations du sol. Ce d\u00e9blocage r\u00e9action se fait gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 \nla production <b>d\u2019acides organiques <\/b>par les bact\u00e9ries : acide oxalique, acide lactique, acide malique, ainsi que \npar leurs <b>enzymes<\/b> appel\u00e9es phytases.\nCes <b>enzymes<\/b> vont permettre de <b>lib\u00e9rer <\/b>les ions phosphates les rendant ainsi <b>disponibles pour les racines<\/b>. <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-eb4a4ec\" data-id=\"eb4a4ec\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-46fb78e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"46fb78e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-39d7d65\" data-id=\"39d7d65\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a69de6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"4a69de6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-01d9d68 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"01d9d68\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ced0577\" data-id=\"ced0577\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-49c6b10\" data-id=\"49c6b10\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d8726f4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d8726f4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"468\" src=\"http:\/\/terrabiotec.iddo.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/5c-1024x599.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-403\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"http:\/\/terrabiotec.iddo.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/5c-1024x599.png 1024w, http:\/\/terrabiotec.iddo.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/5c-300x176.png 300w, http:\/\/terrabiotec.iddo.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/5c-768x449.png 768w, http:\/\/terrabiotec.iddo.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/5c.png 1340w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-64bafa4\" data-id=\"64bafa4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8221a35 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8221a35\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4cb5f40\" data-id=\"4cb5f40\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32b4e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"32b4e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-360d830 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"360d830\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b468164\" data-id=\"b468164\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a7f2184\" data-id=\"a7f2184\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fada59d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fada59d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">La temp\u00e9rature de <b>st\u00e9rilisation<\/b> qui <b>tue<\/b> la <b>vie du sol <\/b>est de<b> 41\u00b0C.<\/b>\nEn France, un sol peut monter jusqu\u2019\u00e0 52\u00b0C au soleil alors qu\u2019un sol couvert ne d\u00e9passe pas 28\u00b0C.\nLes labours sont donc \u00e0 \u00e9viter, surtout au mois d\u2019ao\u00fbt car la temp\u00e9rature du sol sera suffisamment \u00e9lev\u00e9e \npour tuer les bact\u00e9ries solubilisatrices de phosphate.<br><br>\nIl  est  \u00e9galement  recommand\u00e9  <b>d\u2019apporter<\/b>  suffisamment  de  <b>phosphore  disponible  autour  des  jeunes  <\/b>\n<b>racines,<\/b>  c'est-\u00e0-dire  dans  les  dix  premiers  centim\u00e8tres  de  profondeur  du  sol.  Il  convient  alors  d\u2019\u00e9viter  \nl'apport  avant  le  labour  qui  va  diluer  le  phosphore  sur  trente  centim\u00e8tres.  L'apport  en  surface  apr\u00e8s  le  \nsemis n\u2019est pas recommand\u00e9 car le phosphore peu mobile ne descendra pas suffisamment dans le sol au \nniveau des racines.\nPour limiter les ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes de blocage, il est donc recommand\u00e9 d\u2019apporter le phosphore au plus pr\u00e8s \ndes  besoins  de  la  plante  dans  l\u2019espace  et  dans  le  temps.  La  <b>localisation<\/b>  du  phosphore  au  moment  du  \nsemis est \u00e0 ce jour la <b>meilleure pratique possible<\/b> pour valoriser cet \u00e9l\u00e9ment.<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2fe83ae\" data-id=\"2fe83ae\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c99bf79 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c99bf79\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-929ed9d\" data-id=\"929ed9d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b95c61c elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"b95c61c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>D\u00c9BLOCAGE DU PHOSPHORE NON ASSIMILABLE Phosphore r\u00e9trograd\u00e9 Mati\u00e8re organique non transform\u00e9e Phosphore disponible Mati\u00e8re organique non transform\u00e9e Apr\u00e8s l\u2019azote, le phosphore (P) est le deuxi\u00e8me \u00e9l\u00e9ment responsable des rendements et de la qualit\u00e9 des r\u00e9coltes. Son r\u00f4le dans le d\u00e9veloppement racinaire est bien connu. L\u2019optimisation de la fumure phosphat\u00e9e demeure un point cl\u00e9. Cette optimisation [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-400","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/terrabiotec.iddo.mx\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/400","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/terrabiotec.iddo.mx\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/terrabiotec.iddo.mx\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/terrabiotec.iddo.mx\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/terrabiotec.iddo.mx\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=400"}],"version-history":[{"count":31,"href":"http:\/\/terrabiotec.iddo.mx\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/400\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1415,"href":"http:\/\/terrabiotec.iddo.mx\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/400\/revisions\/1415"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/terrabiotec.iddo.mx\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=400"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}